In the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the four elements in a negligence case, including an asbestos lawsuit, are duty, breach, causation, and damages. Causation is further broken down into actual and proximate causation. Actual causation is established through the use of the “but for” test. The injury would not have occurred but for defendant’s negligent conduct. In other words, if X doesn’t happen, Y won’t happen.
However, actual causation is not the end of the story. For example, if a person loses a leg at age 10 and then drives to a shopping mall at age 30, and is injured by a pothole next to a handicapped parking space, it is a true statement that the injury would not have happened if that person had not lost their leg as a child. The reason being that if the early accident did not happen, he would not have been parking in the handicapped spot. However, it is probably the negligence on behalf of the shopping mall owner that plaintiff is trying to prove. This is where proximate causation comes into play.
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